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java实现贪吃蛇小游戏

news 2025/8/29 2:55:09

实现一个贪吃蛇小游戏是一个很好的编程练习项目。这个游戏的目标是控制一条蛇在屏幕上移动，吃掉食物并不断变长，同时避免撞到墙壁或自己的身体。以下是用Java实现一个基本的贪吃蛇小游戏的详细步骤和深入讲解。

1. 游戏设计

首先，我们需要设计游戏的基本元素：

蛇（Snake）：由一系列相连的方块组成，玩家控制其移动方向。
食物（Food）：随机出现在屏幕上的某个位置，蛇吃到食物后会变长。
游戏区域（Game Area）：限定蛇的活动范围。

2. 实现步骤

以下是实现贪吃蛇小游戏的详细步骤：

2.1 创建游戏窗口

首先，创建一个Java窗口来显示游戏内容。

import javax.swing.JFrame;public class SnakeGame extends JFrame {public SnakeGame() {initUI();}private void initUI() {add(new Board());setSize(800, 600);setTitle("Snake Game");setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);setLocationRelativeTo(null);}public static void main(String[] args) {javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {SnakeGame ex = new SnakeGame();ex.setVisible(true);});}
}

2.2 创建游戏面板

接下来，创建一个游戏面板来绘制游戏元素并处理游戏逻辑。

import javax.swing.JPanel;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.FontMetrics;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.Timer;public class Board extends JPanel implements ActionListener {private Timer timer;private Snake snake;private Food food;private final int DOT_SIZE = 10;private final int ALL_DOTS = 800;private final int RANDOM_POSITION = 79;private boolean inGame;private final List<int[]> snakeDots;public Board() {initGame();}private void initGame() {snakeDots = new ArrayList<>();for (int i = 0; i < ALL_DOTS; i++) {snakeDots.add(new int[]{-1, -1});}snake = new Snake(DOT_SIZE);food = new Food(DOT_SIZE, RANDOM_POSITION);setFocusable(true);setBackground(Color.BLACK);addKeyListener(new TAdapter());timer = new Timer(140, this);timer.start();inGame = true;}@Overridepublic void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {if (inGame) {checkApple();checkCollisions();move();}repaint();}private void checkApple() {if (snake.getX() == food.getX() && snake.getY() == food.getY()) {snake.grow();food.setLocation();}}private void checkCollisions() {for (int i = snakeDots.size() - 1; i >= 1; i--) {if (snake.getX() == snakeDots.get(i)[0] && snake.getY() == snakeDots.get(i)[1]) {inGame = false;}}if (snake.getX() < 0 || snake.getX() >= getWidth() / DOT_SIZE ||snake.getY() < 0 || snake.getY() >= getHeight() / DOT_SIZE) {inGame = false;}}private void move() {for (int i = snakeDots.size() - 1; i >= 1; i--) {snakeDots.get(i)[0] = snakeDots.get(i - 1)[0];snakeDots.get(i)[1] = snakeDots.get(i - 1)[1];}if (snake.isLeftDirection()) {snake.setX(snake.getX() - 1);}if (snake.isRightDirection()) {snake.setX(snake.getX() + 1);}if (snake.isUpDirection()) {snake.setY(snake.getY() - 1);}if (snake.isDownDirection()) {snake.setY(snake.getY() + 1);}snakeDots.get(0)[0] = snake.getX();snakeDots.get(0)[1] = snake.getY();}@Overridepublic void paintComponent(Graphics g) {super.paintComponent(g);if (inGame) {g.setColor(Color.CYAN);for (int[] dot : snakeDots) {if (dot[0] != -1 && dot[1] != -1) {g.fillRect(dot[0] * DOT_SIZE, dot[1] * DOT_SIZE, DOT_SIZE, DOT_SIZE);}}g.setColor(Color.RED);g.fillRect(food.getX() * DOT_SIZE, food.getY() * DOT_SIZE, DOT_SIZE, DOT_SIZE);} else {gameOver(g);}}private void gameOver(Graphics g) {String msg = "Game Over";Font small = new Font("Helvetica", Font.BOLD, 14);FontMetrics metr = getFontMetrics(small);g.setColor(Color.WHITE);g.setFont(small);g.drawString(msg, (getWidth() - metr.stringWidth(msg)) / 2, getHeight() / 2);}private class TAdapter extends KeyAdapter {@Overridepublic void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {int key = e.getKeyCode();if (key == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT && !snake.isRightDirection()) {snake.setLeftDirection(true);snake.setUpDirection(false);snake.setDownDirection(false);snake.setRightDirection(false);}if (key == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT && !snake.isLeftDirection()) {snake.setLeftDirection(false);snake.setUpDirection(false);snake.setDownDirection(false);snake.setRightDirection(true);}if (key == KeyEvent.VK_UP && !snake.isDownDirection()) {snake.setLeftDirection(false);snake.setUpDirection(true);snake.setDownDirection(false);snake.setRightDirection(false);}if (key == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN && !snake.isUpDirection()) {snake.setLeftDirection(false);snake.setUpDirection(false);snake.setDownDirection(true);snake.setRightDirection(false);}}}
}

2.3 创建游戏元素类

接下来，创建蛇和食物的类。

public class Snake {private int x, y;private boolean leftDirection, rightDirection, upDirection, downDirection;private final int dotSize;public Snake(int dotSize) {this.dotSize = dotSize;initSnake();}private void initSnake() {x = 10;y = 10;leftDirection = false;rightDirection = true;upDirection = false;downDirection = false;}public void grow() {// 增加蛇的长度}public int getX() {return x;}public int getY() {return y;}public boolean isLeftDirection() {return leftDirection;}public boolean isRightDirection() {return rightDirection;}public boolean isUpDirection() {return upDirection;}public boolean isDownDirection() {return downDirection;}public void setLeftDirection(boolean leftDirection) {this.leftDirection = leftDirection;}public void setRightDirection(boolean rightDirection) {this.rightDirection = rightDirection;}public void setUpDirection(boolean upDirection) {this.upDirection = upDirection;}public void setDownDirection(boolean downDirection) {this.downDirection = downDirection;}
}class Food {private int x, y;private final int dotSize;private final int randomPosition;public Food(int dotSize, int randomPosition) {this.dotSize = dotSize;this.randomPosition = randomPosition;setLocation();}public void setLocation() {Random rand = new Random();x = rand.nextInt(randomPosition);y = rand.nextInt(randomPosition);}public int getX() {return x;}public int getY() {return y;}
}