5.运行时异常和非运行时异常(1)运行时出现的异常全都是类和它的子类所产生的异常情形, 就像、ption这类, 这些异常属于不进行检查的异常情况, 在程序里能够选择去捕获并加以处理, 也能够选择不去处理, 这些异常通常是由于程序自身的逻辑错误而引发的, 程序理应从逻辑层面最大程度上避免这类异常的出现。在其出现之际, 我们能够不予以处理。于这般异常出现之时, 向来是由虚拟机予以接管的。举例来说: 我们之中从来都不存在有人去处理过异常的情况, 它便是运行时异常, 而且这种异常还是最为常见的异常当中的一种。运行时异常出现后, 要是没有对这个异常进行捕获处理也就是没有catch, 系统会持续将异常往上层抛, 一直抛到最上层, 若为多线程则由.run()抛出, 若为单线程则被main()抛出。抛出以后, 若为线程, 此线程便会退出。要是主程序抛出的异常, 那么整个程序就会退出。运行时异常是某子类, 也具备一般异常的特性, 是能够被catch块处理的。只是通常我们不对其进行处理而已。打个比方来讲, 要是你没有针对运行时异常去实施处理操作, 那么在运行时异常出现以后, 不是线程会停止运行, 就是主程序会结束运行。要是不想使之终止, 那就得捕获下所有运行时出现的异常, 绝对别让这正在处理的线程退出。队列当中出现了异常的数据, 正常的处理办法该是扔舍弃掉异常数据, 随后记录日志。不应当因为异常数据而对下面正常数据的处理造成影响。(2)非运行时异常, 它是除了特定情况以外的异常, 在类型方面, 都归属于类以及该类的子类。比如某些特定的情况、还有其他类似情况等, 以及用户自己定义的异常情况。针对这种异常, JAVA编译器强硬地要求我们必须要对于出现的这些异常实施catch操作并加以处理, 要不然程序就无法顺利编译通过。所以, 面对这种异常状况, 不管我们愿不愿意, 通通都得自己去撰写一堆的catch块来处理有可能出现的异常。6.关键字来看看下面这个test1()方法public int test1() { try { return 1; } finally { return 2; } }方法test1将返回2怎么解释呢再来看看下面这个test2()方法public int test2() { int i 1; try { System.out.println(try语句块中); return 1; } finally { System.out.println(finally语句块中); return 2; } }运行结果是try语句块中语句块中运行结果里能够观察得出, try中的语句所调用的那个函数, 要比其中调用的函数先执行, 这意味着语句更早执行, 语句后续执行, 所以, 返回的结果是2。并非是让函数立刻返回, 而是语句执行完毕后, 会把返回结果放置到函数栈当中, 在这个时候函数并不会马上返回, 它得执行语句之后才会真正开始返回。常见当尝试把不符合正确类型的对象, 存放到一个用于存放对象的数组当中的时候, 所引发并抛出的异常。将对象强行转变为并非其实例的子类之际, 会把这个异常抛出。抛出的异常显示将一个不符合规定或不正确的参数传送给了方法 , 并且它被命名为tion。ption为当指示某排序索引在诸如对数组、字符串或者向量进行排序时超出范围的情况下抛出。on 表明枚举中没有更多的元素在应用程序尝试于需要对象之处运用 null 之时, 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