PHP模板引擎与视图渲染

PHP模板引擎与视图渲染PHP本身就是模板语言。但为了更好分离视图和业务逻辑各种模板引擎应运而生。今天说说PHP模板引擎的简单实现。一个简单的模板引擎。phpclass SimpleTemplate{private string $templateDir;private string $cacheDir;public function __construct(string $templateDir, string $cacheDir /tmp/views){$this-templateDir rtrim($templateDir, /);$this-cacheDir rtrim($cacheDir, /);if (!is_dir($this-cacheDir)) mkdir($this-cacheDir, 0755, true);}public function render(string $template, array $data []): string{$cacheFile $this-cacheDir . / . md5($template) . .php;if (!file_exists($cacheFile)) {$compiled $this-compile($template);file_put_contents($cacheFile, $compiled);}extract($data);ob_start();include $cacheFile;return ob_get_clean();}public function compile(string $template): string{$content file_get_contents($this-templateDir . / . $template . .html);$content preg_replace(/\{\{(.?)\}\}/, , $content);$content preg_replace(/if\((.?)\)/, , $content);$content preg_replace(/else/, , $content);$content preg_replace(/endif/, , $content);$content preg_replace(/foreach\((.?)\)/, , $content);$content preg_replace(/endforeach/, , $content);$content preg_replace(/php\((.?)\)/, , $content);return $content;}}?{{ $name }}的个人资料邮箱: {{ $email }}if(!empty($bio))简介: {{ $bio }}endif技能foreach($skills as $skill){{ $skill }}endforeach$engine new SimpleTemplate(__DIR__ . /templates);echo $engine-render(user, [name 张三,email testtest.com,bio PHP开发者,skills [PHP, JavaScript, MySQL],]);?模板编译缓存提升性能。把模板编译成PHP代码缓存起来后续直接执行缓存的PHP文件不需要重新解析模板。php// 编译缓存class TemplateCache{private string $cacheDir;public function __construct(string $cacheDir /tmp/views_cache){$this-cacheDir rtrim($cacheDir, /);if (!is_dir($this-cacheDir)) mkdir($this-cacheDir, 0755, true);}public function load(string $template, array $data, callable $renderFn): string{$cacheKey md5($template . serialize($data));$cacheFile $this-cacheDir . / . $cacheKey . .html;if (file_exists($cacheFile) (time() - filemtime($cacheFile)) 3600) {return file_get_contents($cacheFile);}$content $renderFn($data);file_put_contents($cacheFile, $content);return $content;}}?模板引擎的核心是变量替换和模板继承。Blade、Twig这些成熟的模板引擎还支持布局、组件、指令等功能。自己做模板引擎主要是为了理解原理生产环境建议用成熟的模板引擎。