从零开发游戏需要学习的c#模块，第十四章（保存和加载）

这一章我们来讲一下如何在我们的小游戏中加入保存和加载的功能让我们的游戏有记忆第一步完善GameSaveData.csusing System.Collections.Generic;namespace MyGame{class GameSaveData{public int PlayerX { get; set; }public int PlayerY { get; set; }public int PlayerHp { get; set; }public int PlayerMaxHp { get; set; }public int Score { get; set; }public Liststring InventoryItems { get; set; } new Liststring();}}这里存了所有需要恢复的游戏状态玩家位置、血量、分数、背包。第二步给InputHandler.cs加 S 和 L 键打开InputHandler.cs在Command枚举和GetCommand方法里加上存档和读档。using System;namespace MyGame{class InputHandler{public enum Command{None,MoveUp,MoveDown,MoveLeft,MoveRight,Save, // ★ 新增Load, // ★ 新增Quit}public Command GetCommand(){if (Console.KeyAvailable){ConsoleKeyInfo key Console.ReadKey(true);switch (key.Key){case ConsoleKey.UpArrow: return Command.MoveUp;case ConsoleKey.DownArrow: return Command.MoveDown;case ConsoleKey.LeftArrow: return Command.MoveLeft;case ConsoleKey.RightArrow: return Command.MoveRight;case ConsoleKey.S: return Command.Save; // ★ S 键存档case ConsoleKey.L: return Command.Load; // ★ L 键读档case ConsoleKey.Escape: return Command.Quit;}}return Command.None;}}}第三步在Game.cs里加入存档和读档逻辑using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Text.Json; using System.Threading; namespace MyGame { class Game { private static Game? instance; public static Game Instance { get { if (instance null) instance new Game(); return instance; } } private Game() { } private bool isRunning; private Player player default!; private GameMap map default!; private InputHandler input default!; private GameUI ui default!; private BattleManager battleManager default!; private ListCoin coins default!; private int score; private int totalCoins 5; private ListEnemy enemies default!; private int totalEnemies 3; private Inventory inventory default!; private AchievementSystem achievement default!; private SoundSystem sound default!; private string saveFilePath gamesave.json; // ★ 存档文件路径 public void Start() { Console.CursorVisible false; Console.Title 控制台RPG - WASD移动S存档 L读档ESC退出; map new GameMap(40, 20); input new InputHandler(); ui new GameUI(map.Height); battleManager new BattleManager(); achievement new AchievementSystem(); sound new SoundSystem(); // ★ 检查是否有存档 bool loaded TryLoadGame(); if (!loaded) { // 新游戏用默认值初始化 player new Player(map.Width / 2, map.Height / 2); inventory new Inventory(); score 0; coins new ListCoin(); enemies new ListEnemy(); } isRunning true; // 初始化地图内容金币和敌人 if (coins.Count 0) SpawnCoins(totalCoins); if (enemies.Count 0) SpawnEnemies(totalEnemies); map.Draw(); DrawAllStaticObjects(); // 主循环 while (isRunning player.Hp 0) { Update(); Render(); Thread.Sleep(30); } // ★ 游戏结束自动存档 if (player.Hp 0) { SaveGame(); } Console.SetCursorPosition(0, map.Height 4); if (player.Hp 0) { Console.WriteLine(你倒下了...游戏结束。存档已保留可加载重来。); } else { Console.WriteLine(游戏结束感谢游玩。); } Console.WriteLine(按任意键退出...); Console.ReadKey(); } // ★ 保存游戏 private void SaveGame() { GameSaveData data new GameSaveData { PlayerX player.X, PlayerY player.Y, PlayerHp player.Hp, PlayerMaxHp player.MaxHp, Score score, InventoryItems inventory.GetAllItems() // 需要在 Inventory 里加这个方法 }; string json JsonSerializer.Serialize(data); File.WriteAllText(saveFilePath, json); // 在 UI 上显示保存成功 Console.SetCursorPosition(0, map.Height 3); Console.Write(new string( , Console.WindowWidth)); Console.SetCursorPosition(2, map.Height 3); Console.ForegroundColor ConsoleColor.Green; Console.Write(✅ 游戏已保存); Console.ResetColor(); } // ★ 加载游戏 private bool TryLoadGame() { if (!File.Exists(saveFilePath)) { Console.WriteLine(没有找到存档开始新游戏。); return false; } // 读取 JSON string json File.ReadAllText(saveFilePath); GameSaveData? data JsonSerializer.DeserializeGameSaveData(json); if (data null) { Console.WriteLine(存档损坏开始新游戏。); return false; } // 用存档数据恢复游戏状态 player new Player(data.PlayerX, data.PlayerY); player.Hp data.PlayerHp; // MaxHp 通过构造函数设定如需恢复请给 Player 加 SetMaxHp 方法 score data.Score; inventory new Inventory(); foreach (string item in data.InventoryItems) { inventory.AddItemSilent(item); // 需要在 Inventory 里加静默添加方法 } coins new ListCoin(); enemies new ListEnemy(); Console.WriteLine(存档已加载欢迎回来); return true; } // 生成 private void SpawnCoins(int count) { Random rng new Random(); for (int i 0; i count; i) { int x rng.Next(1, map.Width - 1); int y rng.Next(1, map.Height - 1); coins.Add(new Coin(x, y)); } } private void SpawnEnemies(int count) { Random rng new Random(); for (int i 1; i count; i) { int x rng.Next(1, map.Width - 1); int y rng.Next(1, map.Height - 1); Slime slime new Slime(绿色史莱姆 i, 25 i * 5, 6 i, 史莱姆粘液); slime.X x; slime.Y y; slime.IsActive true; slime.OnEnemyKilled achievement.OnEnemyKilled; slime.OnEnemyKilled sound.OnEnemyKilled; slime.OnEnemyKilled (Enemy e) { inventory.AddItem(e.DropItem); }; enemies.Add(slime); } } private void DrawAllStaticObjects() { foreach (Coin coin in coins) coin.Draw(); foreach (Enemy enemy in enemies) DrawEnemy(enemy); } private void DrawEnemy(Enemy enemy) { if (!enemy.IsActive) return; Console.SetCursorPosition(enemy.X, enemy.Y); Console.ForegroundColor ConsoleColor.Red; Console.Write(S); Console.ResetColor(); } private void EraseEnemy(Enemy enemy) { Console.SetCursorPosition(enemy.X, enemy.Y); Console.Write( ); } // 更新逻辑 private void Update() { InputHandler.Command cmd input.GetCommand(); switch (cmd) { case InputHandler.Command.MoveUp: player.Move(0, -1, 1, 1, map.Width - 2, map.Height - 2); break; case InputHandler.Command.MoveDown: player.Move(0, 1, 1, 1, map.Width - 2, map.Height - 2); break; case InputHandler.Command.MoveLeft: player.Move(-1, 0, 1, 1, map.Width - 2, map.Height - 2); break; case InputHandler.Command.MoveRight: player.Move(1, 0, 1, 1, map.Width - 2, map.Height - 2); break; case InputHandler.Command.Save: // ★ 存档 SaveGame(); break; case InputHandler.Command.Load: // ★ 读档 LoadGameFromKey(); break; case InputHandler.Command.Quit: isRunning false; break; } CheckCoinCollision(); CheckEnemyCollision(); if (GetActiveCoinCount() 0) SpawnCoins(totalCoins); if (GetActiveEnemyCount() 0) SpawnEnemies(totalEnemies); } // ★ 按键读档 private void LoadGameFromKey() { Console.Clear(); bool loaded TryLoadGame(); if (loaded) { map.Draw(); DrawAllStaticObjects(); } } private void CheckCoinCollision() { foreach (Coin coin in coins) { if (coin.IsActive coin.X player.X coin.Y player.Y) { coin.IsActive false; coin.Erase(); score coin.Value; inventory.AddItem(金币); } } } private void CheckEnemyCollision() { foreach (Enemy enemy in enemies) { if (enemy.IsActive enemy.X player.X enemy.Y player.Y) { EraseEnemy(enemy); bool win battleManager.StartBattle(player, enemy); if (!win) { isRunning false; return; } Console.Clear(); map.Draw(); DrawAllStaticObjects(); } } } private int GetActiveCoinCount() { int count 0; foreach (Coin coin in coins) if (coin.IsActive) count; return count; } private int GetActiveEnemyCount() { int count 0; foreach (Enemy enemy in enemies) if (enemy.IsActive) count; return count; } private void Render() { player.EraseOld(); player.Draw(); ui.Draw(score, GetActiveCoinCount(), inventory.ItemCount, player.Hp, player.MaxHp); } } }第四步给Inventory.cs加两个新方法// 静默添加不打印获得物品用于加载存档时批量恢复背包 public void AddItemSilent(string itemName) { items.Add(itemName); } // 获取所有物品列表用于存档 public Liststring GetAllItems() { return new Liststring(items); // 返回副本保护原始数据 }好了关于游戏的代码部分我们已经完成了很多了下一章我们将会使用unity制作可以真正的2d游戏。关注我下期更精彩